Lord Sumption wants to talk about women in the judiciary; why?
05 Monday Oct 2015
Jessica Simor QC, Matrix Features
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Lord Sumption wants to talk about women in the judiciary. The first question this raises is, why?
If I ever meet him, I will of course ask him – but in the meantime, the best I can ascertain from the article about his interview (and the transcript has not been published) is that he is concerned that women entering in the judiciary in larger numbers could have “appalling consequences in other directions”, one reason being that if women ended up becoming the larger percentage, as is the case in France where (horror) women make up 85% of the judiciary, men might be put off from applying for the judiciary; in his words: “85% women is just as bad as 85% men”. What made me laugh about this argument was that for a man with a brain the size of a planet, one might have expected him to realise that it was an own goal; the same can of course be said of the position now in relation to women being put off by the current predominance of males.
As to that, Sumption’s answer is that the ‘status’ of women in society has involved an ‘enormous cultural change’ that has only happened recently and must happen naturally. My response to that is twofold. First, outrage that he can use this language at all. He is probably totally unaware that this will be heard by many in this way: “may I remind you madam that your current status is only recently acquired”. How you are heard is just as important as what you say. And secondly, concern as to his awareness of how women got basic rights in the first place, something that did not happen exactly ‘naturally’.
We all know men and women are not the same. We all know that all men and all women are not the same. Most of us understand that intelligence is not a clear measurable quality and possesses many aspects. Lord Sumption no doubt possesses many of them, but unlikely all. The aspiration for diversity is an aspiration towards bringing all of humanity’s qualities together for the common good; of valuing different views and different approaches – and of realising that there is often no single right answer (although Lord Sumption might disagree with that). Of course, some qualities are particularly important for judicial office but Lord Sumption’s approach suggests that these can only be found using the current approach; that only the status quo will protect the ‘delicate organism’ that he considers is our legal system.
But let’s consider the status quo. Let’s consider the idea that the Bar is a lifestyle choice that is so tough that only men are willing to take it. The first thing that struck me about this point is that it could only be made by someone who did not understand the economic imperative of work. Most people at the Bar work for a living – not as a lifestyle choice. They may have chosen the bar but they have to work. I have repeatedly noted that people assume my career is for my personal gratification or ego – a ‘hobby’ – rather than to support myself and my family; this itself is sub-conscious sexism that necessarily affects women’s careers at the Bar. But as a colleague pointed out to me, many women silks at least, are the sole or main-breadwinners in their household. They work because they have to work.
The second thing that struck me about this comment was that it ignored the appalling emotional fall-out caused by the Bar’s working practices. In 20 years I have seen suicides, alcohol-related deaths, heart-attacks and break-downs. Numerous colleagues’ marriages and partnerships have fallen to pieces and parents have not been able to see their children sufficiently to build the kind of relationships that make for happy lives. Let’s not kid ourselves that men choose this. Men suffer from it too.
Is any of it necessary? Of course it’s not. It has developed like this because women are only recently part of the Bar and because women are still not sufficiently represented on the Bench, which ultimately decides how barristers work. There is no need for it to continue. If lifestyle is the problem, as Lord Sumption believes, then it’s time to change that lifestyle.
8 comments
Richard Moorhead said:
02/10/2015 at 16:22
V nice post.
I was wondering about his motivations whilst reading the Guardian story yesterday that suggested the number of women coming into the judiciary was snowballing (its increasing the proportion of women at about 1% a year – some snowball). In the story is an interesting stat which suggested (if I remember) about 42-52% of appointments go to women. It occurred to me that Sumption, as an ex Judicial Appointments Committee member, might be concerned about the way JAC appointments have changed since he led (if indeed they have changed).
Just a rather speculative thought.
Simon Myerson said:
07/10/2015 at 09:33
Good piece. The language of ‘waiting for it to happen naturally’ is fascinating. Not only does it presume an inevitable process – an odd view for a historian of some distinction. It’s also closely allied to the ‘don’t be pushy’ attitude which led to unofficial quotas on Jews and Asians (black people didn’t really arise as an issue) in the days just before Lord Sumption began practice. Not only is that approach outmoded (because discriminatory and, frankly, nasty), but to extend it to women 50 years after we began to rid ourselves of it is so backward as to be astonishing.
K said:
08/10/2015 at 10:11
I thought the main thrust of Lord Sumption’s argument was the notion that quota systems and those mechanisms that resemble them are often anti-meritocratic in principle or in result?
Chriss said:
13/10/2015 at 22:30
He was talking about quotas. This article is somewhat baffling. It argues against points Lord Sumption simply was not making.
He didn’t say that men would avoid the bar just because it was 85% women. He said they would avoid the bar because they would feel the cards were stacked against them. Which they would be, if there was affirmative discrimination.
He instead argues that we need to allow equality of opportunity and let the demographics change naturally. Which they will, since more women are graduating law than men.
It seems awfully unkind to misrepresent Lord Sumption like this, and reminds me of the whole Tim Hunt affair.
andrea garvey said:
14/10/2015 at 10:34
why should women have to keep waiting for it to “….come naturally..” We have waited long enough! If Lord Sumption did not want his article criticized, I suggest he should have kept his sexist views to himself. The days where it is acceptable to have such dated and backward opinions are gone and it saddens me as a mature law undergraduate to read articles from a man who currently holds and has previously held, influential positions in the world of law. I have waited most of my life to enter in the legal profession. Unfortunately in my twenties, i was left to bring up children while my now ex husband walked away, without looking back. My ambitions were shelved whilst I took up the dual parent role to my two children and worked all gods hours to provide for them. My amazing children excelled at school and so when my son voiced he wanted to study Law at university, again my own legal career aspirations were mothballed whist I took up a second job to fund my sons legal academic studies, and a sizable loan at the end of the degree for him to obtain admission on the LPC course.
Finally I am enrolled as an undergraduate of Law even though possibly some would argue there is very little point entering this ultra competitive profession at the age of 50. Well I disagree.
I am a fiercely strong, independent woman who will bring qualities, ability and skills that have yet to be acquired by the twenty something law graduates. Wisdom that comes with life experience cannot be taught in any establishment. And what has any of that to do with the topic of Lord Sumption’s outdated comments? It is a very brief insight into how pathetic his comments are in real life about women and in particular…“The Bar and the solicitors’ profession are incredibly demanding in the hours of work and the working conditions are frankly appalling. There are more women than men who are not prepared to put up with that..”…It would have been a walk in the park compared to my forced alternative lifestyle choice.!
And I for one cannot wait to enter the profession and, “. put up with that..”
So My Lord Sumption, with all due respect, you are quite frankly, Wrong…
Simon Myerson said:
14/10/2015 at 08:09
This couldn’t be further from Tim Hunt where what was said was inaccurately reported and the man himself was pilloried. This is a debate.
I didn’t read what Lord Sumption said as merely an attack on quotas. It sought to explain a state of affairs and to assess the interests of those who lost if the status quo changed – men. And that analysis wasn’t confined to a loss arising out of a particular mechanism for changing the status quo.
Chriss said:
14/10/2015 at 14:15
I note a degree of interest in this subject, so I’d like to elaborate on my previous comment and answer more fully.
First of all, I have no political dog in this fight. I’m a working class liberal, so to be in the position of defending an establishment figure in defiance of apparent common decency is a bit strange.
But no less, that is the position I find myself in, and I believe the case is strong.
Lord Sumption sits charged with an ‘-ism’. Sexism. And as we know, in this highly charged, politically correct time, to be charged with an ‘-ism’ is a serious blow to one’s reputation. Especially when his flagellation is being carried out across the covers of national newspapers.
We’ve had the vindictive Charlotte Proudman decree that Lord Sumption’s views ‘exemplify perfectly what is wrong with the way women in the legal profession are viewed by those in the highest echelons of power’, whilst Felicity Gerry QC, as quoted in the New Statesman, believes his comments are “the last gasp of the old white male in his ivory tower”.
So, you can see how this is evolving. Those mentioned, among many others, are attempting to use Lord Sumption as an illustrative example to further their own agenda. The problem is, however, that I’m not willing to turn away as the man is sacrificed on the alter of feminism. Even if the cause is good, it is unjust to destroy a man to further it.
In order to confront what Lord Sumption actually said, I went to the original article, in the Evening Standard, but one of the most ‘problematic’ lines, is actually a clipped quote, making it difficult to understand if it’s entirely in context. Here it is:
“Lord Sumption, a Supreme Court judge, said he believed that the judiciary was a “terrific public asset” which could be “destroyed very easily” if the selection of candidates was skewed in favour of women.”
I’ve reached out to Martin Bentham, who conducted the interview, for a transcript. Hopefully he’ll be able to make that available. I do note, however, on his Twitter, he says: ‘To be clear, @UKSupremeCourt statement today on Lord Sumption does not question accuracy of my report, just how others interpreted his words’. This would seem to fit with my interpretation of the situation.
If we accept Bentham’s contextualisation of Lord Sumption’s quote, then it appears to me that Lord Sumption is clearly and unquestionably discussing affirmative discrimination, not as some have haphazardly asserted, a simple increase in the number of female judges. According to Bentham, Lord Sumption’s concern is, in fact, the skewing of the selection process to favour women.
And it entirely makes sense that he would be concerned about this. Effectively, affirmative action is essentially asking that we abandon the meritocratic process in favour of making diversity of the bar our primary concern. If merit is no longer the first concern in selection of candidates then it logically follows that the standard will fall. Obviously.
Worse still, the brutalisation of Lord Sumption is yet another example of someone sympathetic to the cause of diversity being cannibalised for even the slightest hint of a different interpretation of the situation. In that very interview he recognises that diversity of the bar is indeed a problem: “One has to look at the totality of these problems and not simply at one of them. The lack of diversity is a significant problem, but it isn’t the only one.”
So, in that sense, it is very much similar to the Tim Hunt situation. If you’re unfamiliar with the Tim Hunt affair, I suggest you check out Louis Mensch and Cathy Young’s reporting on the drama. Effectively, he was stitched up. This is different in that the reporter seems to have reported the interview accurately, but a lot of commentators seem to be wilfully misinterpreting Sumption.
Sumption reportedly goes on to say that campaigners must show patience, and that it could take fifty years for the number of women on the Bench to match the total of men. Really, I find it difficult to see why this seems to have rankled some in this comment section. Perhaps it’s because they have uncritically assumed that the reason it’ll take fifty years for that change is because of the oppression of women in the judiciary, or an overt discriminatory sexism.
If so, I’m afraid I’ll need to disagree with them. But I’ll find myself in the good company of the esteemed Sarah Forshaw QC, who recently wrote in defence of Lord Sumption. Well worth a read: http://www.legalcheek.com/2015/09/at-last-lord-sumption-has-a-friend-top-female-qc-comes-out-in-support-of-under-fire-supreme-court-judge/
Sarah Forshaw QC argues that being female is no longer any bar to progression, and that positive discrimination is patronising to women who are capable. And who could really argue that it isn’t? Being told you need a handicap in your favour just to compete with your male colleagues is remarkably deleterious to one’s self-belief. Furthermore, she goes on to ram home Lord Sumption’s main point, that assembling a Bench on diversity, not merit, would undermine public confidence in a first class judiciary.
The quote that really attracted the rancour of Jessica Simor QC, however, was this:
“The Bar and the solicitors’ profession are incredibly demanding in the hours of work and the working conditions are frankly appalling. There are more women than men who are not prepared to put up with that. As a lifestyle choice, it’s very hard to quarrel with it, but you have to face the consequence which is that the top of the legal profession has fewer women in it than the profession overall does.”
In it, she saw ‘…sub-conscious sexism that necessarily affects women’s careers at the Bar.’ To which I say, how bizarre! Lord Sumption didn’t say that women see the Bar as a hobby (which Ms. Simor says she believes people assume of her career), quite the opposite. He emphasises how gruelling the job is. And I’d suggest this is a common view the general public have of the Bar. I find it extremely difficult to believe it a common view that progressing to the highest echelons of judicial power is done as a pastime.
Furthermore, to Ms. Simor’s chagrin, Lord Sumption was merely stating a matter of fact. Although I couldn’t find the figures for legal professions specifically, I find no reason to believe they will differ from the average working trends in the United Kingdom. And I’m afraid, according to ONS statistics, for the past ten years, roughly forty four percent of women work part-time, compared to ten percent of men; fifty seven percent of women work full time, compared to eighty seven percent of men. http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/about-us/devolved-authorities/commission-scotland/legal-work-scotland/articles/women-men-and-part-time-work
Should this fact hold roughly true for the legal professions, which I’m sure they would, it becomes quite apparent why it is mostly men at the top. Because, for whatever reason, they’re more likely to devote themselves to the job. On average, women will also tend to take more time off from their careers. It’s simply a game of numbers.
People often point to France as an example of how broken, by comparison, our judiciary is. Because in France the split between male and female judges is roughly equal. But you, my learned friends, will know this is a sleight of hand. Because, as you will all know, the selection process for judges in France is quite different. When we control for only experience based French judges, we find their outcome is very similar to ours. More so, we also find that even with the French so successfully recruiting women, the top levels look surprisingly similar to our own! We still see the ‘attrition’ effect Lord Sumption was referring to. http://www.laws.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Understanding-Judicial-Diversity-FINAL3.pdf
Women *in general* are simply less likely to aim for the top spots. This is not to say that women are any less capable than men, but it is also not to say that discrimination is the barrier. The barrier, it seems, is *lifestyle choices*. Women, in general, choosing to arrange their work-life balance differently than men do.
But as Lord Sumption said, this *will* change naturally. We do not need to give up on meritocratic values to achieve equality. In 2012, 62.4% of students accepted onto university law degree courses were women. As of July 2013, 51.4% of solicitors were women. http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/law-careers/becoming-a-solicitor/entry-trends/
I’ll end with this quote from the Evening Standard article, and ask that you do not damn Lord Sumption without first fully understanding what he was saying and why:
“Lord Sumption, who joined the Supreme Court in 2012 after a career as one of the country’s most highly paid barristers, emphasised that he supported female equality and wanted to see ‘hidden barriers to the progress of women’ removed.”
Nicholas Peacock said:
20/10/2015 at 13:39
Thank you for this piece.
May I put in a word for the Bar Council’s Wellbeing at the Bar Working Group, which hopes to address lifestyle issues (at least some of them) which you mention?
There was a very high response rate to a survey last year, resulting in a final report which can be viewed at http://www.barcouncil.org.uk/media/348371/wellbeing_at_the_bar_report_april_2015__final_.pdf
I am a member of the Working Group and I hope that the Wellbeing initiative will bring about positive change.