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The “European Commission for Democracy through Law” – generally known as the Venice Commission
– is the Council of Europe’s advisory body on constitutional matters. Among other useful functions, it provides a page of links to the Websites of 75 Constitutional Courts from Albania to Uruguay (although the last is not presently working). We have posted them below for our readers with international interests.
A remarkable feature of these websites is how many provide information in English in addition to the language of the Court. As far as we are aware, the UK Supreme Court has no plans to post information in Azeri, Finnish or Korean – to name but three which maintain helpful English information sections – or even perhaps more pertinently Welsh – there is a bare welcome page in Welsh but apparently no more than that. The Court’s website also promises that “Guides to The Supreme Court in other languages will be available on this page from autumn 2009” but no further information as to these “other languages” is given.
This list of other courts provides hours of interesting browsing for “Constitutional Court watchers”. The best site we have found so far is for the Supreme Court of Singapore, but we are still looking. Perhaps readers would like to rate the websites. The full list is below.
Albania
Constitutional Court
(English, Albanian: introduction, basic texts, description, composition, decisions)
http://www.gjk.gov.al
Algeria
Constitutional Council
(Arab, French, English)
http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.dz
Andorra
Constitutional Court
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ad/
Angola
Supreme Court
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/
Argentina
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
(Spanish: composition, decisions)
http://www.csjn.gov.ar/
Armenia
Constitutional Court
(English, Russian, Armenian: basic texts, composition, selection of decisions, electronic library, conferences, legal resources.)
http://www.concourt.am
Australia
http://www.hcourt.gov.au/
Austria
Constitutional Court
(German: description, press releases, decisions, composition; English: description, composition, basic texts)
http://www.vfgh.gv.at
Azerbaijan
Constitutional Court
(Azerbaijani, English, Russian: basic texts, description, decisions, composition)
http://www.constcourt.gov.az/
Bahrain
Constitutional Council
(English, Arabic: description, composition, decisions)
http://www.constitutional-court.org.bh/CCB/default.aspx
Belarus
Constitutional Court
(Russian , English: basic texts, description, composition, decisions)
http://www.kc.gov.by/en/main.aspx
Belgium
Constitutional Court
(Dutch, French, German: basic texts, description, decisions, composition; English: description.)
http://www.const-court.be
Benin
http://www.cour-constitutionnelle-benin.org/
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Constitutional Court
(Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, English: basic texts, description, composition, decisions)
http://www.ccbh.ba/eng/
Bulgaria
Constitutional Court
(English, French, German, Bulgarian: basic texts, description, decisions)
http://www.constcourt.bg
Cambodia
http://www.ccc.gov.kh/english/index.php
http://www.ccc.gov.kh/french/index.php
Cameroun
http://www.coursupreme.cm/
Canada
Supreme Court
(English, French: description, press releases, decisions, basic texts – Act, library catalogue)
http://www.scc-csc.gc.ca
Cape Verde
http://www.stj.cv/
Chad
http://www.primature-tchad.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16&Itemid=20
Chile
Constitutional Court
(Spanish: introduction, decription, decisions)
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.cl
Colombia
http://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/
Costa Rica
http://www.poder-judicial.go.cr/salaconstitucional/
Croatia
Constitutional Court
(Croatian, English: basic texts, composition)
http://www.usud.hr
Cyprus
Supreme Court
(English: description, members, recent judgements, press releases)
http://www.supremecourt.gov.cy/judicial/sc.nsf/DMLindex_en/DMLindex_en?OpenDocument
Czech Republic
Constitutional Court
(Czech, English: description, composition, basic texts, decisions – selection in English)
http://www.concourt.cz
Denmark
Supreme Court
(Danish: general information on the Danish judicial system comprising description of the Supreme Court)
http://www.domstol.dk
Dominican Republic
http://www.suprema.gov.do/
Ecuador
Constitutional Court
(Spanish: basic texts, case law, description, history, composition)
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.gov.ec/
http://www.cc.gov.ec
El Salvador
http://www.csj.gob.sv/
Estonia
Supreme Court
(Estonian, English,French, Russian: description, decisions – selection in English, members)
http://www.riigikohus.ee
Finland
Supreme Court / Supreme Administrative Court
(Finnish, Swedish, English, French: Introduction and Annual Report)
http://www.kho.fi
France
Constitutional Council
(English, French, German, Italian, Spanish: description, members; French: decisions)
http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr
Georgia
Constitutional Court
(Georgian, English: members, basic texts, decisions)
http://www.constcourt.ge
Germany
Federal Constitutional Court
(German: description, press releases, decisions, members, library)
http://www.bverfg.de
http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de
Guatemala
http://www.cc.gob.gt/
Hungary
Constitutional Court
(Hungarian, German, English: description, members, decisions)
http://www.mkab.hu
Iceland
Supreme Court
(Icelandic description, decisions, basic texts; English: description)
http://www.haestirettur.is
India
Supreme Court
http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in
Indonesia
Constitutional Court
(Bahasa, English: description, members, decisions)
http://www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/index.php?page=website_eng.Home
Ireland
Supreme Court
(English: description, members)
http://www.supremecourt.ie.
Israel
Supreme Court
(Mostly in Hebrew; English: description.)
http://www.court.gov.il
Italy
Constitutional Court
(Italian: decisions (1998-2000), basic texts)
http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/
Japan
Supreme Court
(Japanese, English: overview of judicial system, composition, decisions)
http://www.courts.go.jp/english/
Kazakhstan
Constitutional Council
http://www.constcouncil.kz/
Kenya
Supreme Court
http://www.judiciary.go.ke/website/index.php
Korea, Republic
Constitutional Court
(English, Korean: description, basic texts, decisions, members)
http://www.ccourt.go.kr/home/english/index.jsp
Latvia
Constitutional Court
(Latvian, English: introduction, composition, basic texts, decisions)
http://www.satv.tiesa.gov.lv
Lebanon
Constitutional Council
(Arabic, French)
http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.gov.lb/fr/index.html
Lesotho
Supreme Court
http://www.lesotho.gov.ls/judiciary/high_court.php
Liechtenstein
Constitutional Court
(German, English: description, composition, basic texts, bibliography)
http://www.stgh.li
Lithuania
Constitutional Court
(Lithuanian, English: description, decisions, basic texts)
http://www.lrkt.lt
Luxembourg
Supreme Council of Justice
http://www.mj.public.lu/juridictions/cour_constitutionnelle/index.html
Madagascar
http://www.hcc.gov.mg/
Malaysia
Federal Court
http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/
Mauritius
Supreme Court
http://supremecourt.intnet.mu/Entry/Index.Asp?Srv=CARD
Mexico
Supreme Court
(Spanish: introduction, description, composition, decisions)
http://www.scjn.gob.mx/default.asp
Moldova
Constitutional Court
(English, French, Romanian, Russian: description, members, basic texts; Romanian, Russian: decisions)
http://www.constcourt.md
Monaco
Supreme Court
(French: description, basic texts, composition)
http://www.gouv.mc
Montenegro
Constitutional Court
(Serbian, English: basic texts, description; members, case-law)
http://www.ustavnisudcg.cg.yu/slike/ustavnisud/istorijat.htm
Netherlands
Supreme Court / State Council
(Dutch: description, decisions; English: description)
http://www.hogeraad.nl (Supreme Court / Cour suprême)
http://www.raadvanstate.nl
Nigeria
http://www.csj.gob.ni/index.html
Norway
Supreme Court
(English: description, history, composition, summaries of decisions; Norwegian: description, history, members, basic texts, decisions)
http://www.hoyesterett.no
Peru
(Spanish: case-law, description, composition)
http://www.tc.gob.pe/
Philippines
Supreme Court
(English: description, basic texts, composition, decisions)
http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph
Poland
Constitutional Tribunal
(Polish, English: description, members, decisions, basic texts, links to other related sites)
http://www.trybunal.gov.pl/eng/index.htm
http://www.trybunal.gov.pl/summaries
Portugal
Constitutional Court
(Portuguese: description, members, decisions, basic texts)
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt
Romania
Constitutional Court
(English, French, Romanian: basic texts, description, members)
http://www.ccr.ro
Russia
Constitutional Court
(Russian: description, members, decisions, basic texts; English, French, German: decisions, basic texts)
http://ks.rfnet.ru
Serbia
Constitutional Court
(English: description, composition; Serb: description, composition, basic texts, decisions)
http://www.ustavni.sud.sr.gov.yu
Singapore
http://www.supremecourt.gov.sg/
Slovakia
Constitutional Court
(Slovak, English: description, members, decisions)
http://www.concourt.sk/
Slovenia
Constitutional Court
(Slovenian, English: description, decisions, members)
http://www.us-rs.si
South Africa
Constitutional Court
(English: description, members, decisions, basic texts)
http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za
http://www.concourt.gov.za
Spain
Constitutional Court
(Spanish: description, members, decisions, basic texts)
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es
Switzerland
Federal Court
(French, German, Italian: description, members, decisions and court administration)
http://www.bger.ch/fr/index.htm
Thailand
Constitutional Court
(Thai, English: basic texts, description; members, case-law)
http://www.concourt.or.th
“The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”
Constitutional Court
(Macedonian, English: Extracts of basic texts, description, members)
http://www.constitutionalcourt.mk
http://www.ustavensud.mk
Turkey
Constitutional Court
(Turkish, English: Basic texts, description; French, German: description)
http://www.anayasa.gov.tr
Ukraine
Constitutional Court
(Ukrainian)
http://www.ccu.gov.ua
United States of America
Supreme Court
(English: Decisions (historic – present day))
http://www.supremecourtus.gov
http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/
Uruguay
http://www.venice.coe.int/site/dynamics/N_Court_Links_ef.asp?L=E