The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.

The Supreme Court is a wholly independent court of appeal which further separates the powers exercised by the judiciary and the upper house of parliament in the UK. It replaced the House of Lords as the highest appellate court in the United Kingdom (other than for Scottish Criminal cases) in October 2009 and also assumed the devolution jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

The Supreme Court is currently made up of Lord Reed (President), Lord Hodge (Deputy President), and Lady Black, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lord Briggs, Lady Arden, Lord Kitchin, Lord Sales, Lord Hamblen, Lord Leggatt, Lord Burrows and Lord Stephens.

The Supreme Court sits in the former Middlesex Guildhall, on the western side of Parliament Square. This location is seen as symbolic as the Court now sits alongside, but separate to, the executive and legislative arms of the state.